Forest Disturbance Types and Current Analogs for Historical Disturbance-Independent Forests
نویسندگان
چکیده
Forest classifications by disturbance permit designation of multiple types both old growth forests and shorter-lived forests, which auto-replace under severe disturbance, also identification loss the type associated forest. Historically, fire flooding regimes, or conversely, infrequent produced unique such as disturbance-independent American beech (Fagus grandifolia), eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), sugar maple (Acer saccharum) in Eastern United States. However, has changed to primarily frequent mechanical overstory resulting novel forests. To demonstrate transition no-analog after change, I compared historical tree surveys (ca. 1837 1857) current Northern Lower Peninsula Michigan. establish widespread change effects, located where are currently most abundant throughout US distribution beech–hemlock In Michigan, historically were about 30% all trees, but currently, 2% trees. Red rubrum) increased from 1% 11% trees aspen (Populus) 13% The squared-chord difference between was 0.40, dissimilar Areas with ≥20% ≥15% either species decreased 52 million 6 hectares, restricted Northeastern US. Current this appears be driven regimes without analogs. Disturbance may provide perspective forest management for climate change.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Land
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['2073-445X']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/land10020136